Life Insurance

Life insurance, at its core, is a means to protect the financial security of one's survivors. It is generally thought of as a way to provide income replacement for a wage earner's survivors in the event of death. Life insurance is purchased from an insurer by making regular payments of premiums during the life of the insured. Upon the death of the insured, designated beneficiaries receive a financial benefit. Although all life insurance policies maintain those consistent characteristics, there are different means to achieving the same end. Four distinct types of life insurance have been developed and are in common usage:

Term Life Insurance
Term life insurance is probably the most basic form of life insurance. Term insurance is purchased for a specific period of time (the term). The length of the term can vary considerably. There are term policies that are effective for well over twenty years, whereas some only involve a one-year term. A regular premium is paid throughout the term. If the insured dies at any point during the term, the designated beneficiary receives the death benefit. If one survives the term, however, there is no payout and the policy simply ends.

Whole Life Insurance
Whole life insurance has a long history and maintains great popularity. The cost of premiums is guaranteed for the entire time the policy in place. As premiums are paid, the insured accumulates a cash value for the policy, with the insurer determining the interest rate applied to that cash value. One may either "cash out" their whole life policy, or maintain it so that benefits are paid to survivors upon the policyholder's death. Whole life insurance policies were long "the norm" in the insurance industry.

Universal Life Insurance
Universal Life Insurance is considered a more flexible approach to life insurance. The required regular premium amount can vary as long as the policy has a cash value in excess of the policy's costs. The insured can alter the policy's future payout while the policy remains in force, making it a flexible insurance solution for those who may have more complicated or rapidly-changing needs than can be addressed with term or whole life solutions.

Variable Universal Life Insurance
Variable Universal Life Insurance takes the flexibility of universal life coverage and adds to it by providing investment choices. The policy's cash value is not based simply on an interest rate determined by the insurer. Instead, the policy's value is based upon the performance of various investments. The insured allocates his premiums among a series of investment options with a variable universal life insurance policy.

Although all insurance policies do share common characteristics, the four different types of insurance policies have some marked differences. Each type of insurance policy has advantages and limitations. For some, a simple term policy will more than suffice to meet their life insurance needs. Others may benefit considerably from a more full-featured insurance policy that includes an investment component and the ability to alter the nature of benefits and the premium.

Life Insurance Companies and how they calculate the insurance premiums

Insurance is all about the evaluation of risk and it is something that life insurance companies know a lot about. Every time life insurance companies receive an application for a life insurance policy, the companies decide how much of a risk that applicant poses to their business. This is to say that the insurance companies make an educated estimation of how long the applicant is likely to live versus how many insurance premium payments they are likely to make before death occurs.

If they believe that the applicant will live long and will therefore make a substantial number of insurance premium payments during his/her life, then life insurance companies see the applicant as low risk to their business. However, if life insurance companies believe that an applicant could die soon, and therefore make relatively few insurance premium payments while they are alive, that candidate will be seen as a higher risk by the insurance companies.

How life insurance premiums are calculated
When calculating life insurance premiums two factors are considered by life insurance companies. The first factor involves an evaluation of the general likelihood of death occurring at a particular age, and involves the scaling of applicants against normal life expectancy. This sets the 'average' risk level that different age ranges attract; needless to say that the closer you are to your average life expectancy then the higher the risk level that you'll be measured against.

The second factor is based on whether the applicant is above or below their average risk level for their age. Someone who has an unhealthy lifestyle, suffers from pre-existing health conditions and is in a stressful job is likely to be classified as 'above average'. On the flip side, someone who goes to the gym regularly, does not smoke and eats a balanced diet is likely to be seen as 'below average'. Naturally, those who are below average risk will see keener insurance premiums on their life insurance policy for their age than people who are classified as 'above average'.

Cheaper life insurance? While there is often little we can do about pre-existing health conditions, there are ways in which to tip the scales in our favour of cheaper life insurance. This we can do by altering our lifestyle and striking a better work-life balance in a stress-free environment. Changing lifestyle habits though can be more effective for some than it can for others. For instance, a person in their 20s living out an unhealthy existence is likely to be seen as less of an insurance threat for their age to life companies than someone in their 50s with the same unhealthy lifestyle. This is because the body of a 20-year-old will respond more efficiently to improvements in lifestyle than will the body of a 50-year-old. In essence therefore, there are different degrees of being above average and below average, making the calculation of life insurance premiums for each individual definitely a job for the experts at the life companies!

Our Recommendations:

Direct Line - Leading UK Insurance specialists.
                        For Life Insurance with Critical Illness cover, Direct Line can help. Click HERE .

Barclays Life Insurance - Insurance from one the UK's largest companies.

The Idol - Finds you the best quote form a list of insurers.

Life Direct - Searches the largest insurers for the best quotation.

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